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The roadhouse was the last stop for people traveling northward out of the city, or the first stop for those arriving from the north visitors were encouraged not to sleep more than five to a bed. In 1839, a farmhouse located at what is now Fifth Avenue and 23rd Street was turned into a roadhouse under the direction of William 'Corporal' Thompson (1807–1872), who later renamed it 'Madison Cottage', after the former president. The size of the tract was reduced in 1814 to 90 acres (36.42 hectares), and it received its current name. In 1839 the building was destroyed by fire. There was a United States Army arsenal there from 1811 until 1825 when it became the New York House of Refuge for the Society for the Protection of Juvenile Delinquents, for children under sixteen committed by the courts for indefinite periods. In 1807, 'The Parade', a tract of about 240 acres (97.12 hectares) from 23rd to 34th Streets and Third to Seventh Avenues, was set aside for use as an arsenal, a barracks, and a drilling area. The area where Madison Square is now had been a swampy hunting ground crossed by Cedar Creek – which was later renamed Madison Creek – from east to west, and first came into use as a public space in 1686.

'Madison Cottage', also known as 'Corporal Thompson's Roadhouse' at Fifth Avenue and 23rd Street, in 1852 Notable buildings around Madison Square include the Flatiron Building, the Toy Center, the New York Life Building, the New York Merchandise Mart, the Appellate Division Courthouse, the Met Life Tower, and One Madison Park, a 50-story condominium tower. The current Madison Square Garden, the fourth such building, is not in the area. Madison Square is probably best known around the world for providing the name of Madison Square Garden, a sports arena and its successor which were located just northeast of the park for 47 years, until 1925. The neighborhood to the north and west of the park is NoMad ('NOrth of MADison Square Park') and to the north and east is Rose Hill. The park and the square are at the northern (uptown) end of the Flatiron District neighborhood of Manhattan. The focus of the square is Madison Square Park, a 6.2-acre (2.5-hectare) public park, which is bounded on the east by Madison Avenue (which starts at the park's southeast corner at 23rd Street) on the south by 23rd Street on the north by 26th Street and on the west by Fifth Avenue and Broadway as they cross. The square was named for James Madison, fourth President of the United States. Madison Square is a public square formed by the intersection of Fifth Avenue and Broadway at 23rd Street in the New York City borough of Manhattan. The Flatiron Building from Madison Square (c.

Rose statue park cities skyline steam workshop